Nematophagous Fungi: Guide by Philip Jacobs, BRIC-Version [EXT]

I found good resource to illustrate how a certain fungi capture its prey for food. This is good defence against nematodes that may invade the plant roots. There is a animation to illustrate how Nematophagus Fungi capture its prey.

This resource is gotten from this link http://www.biological-research.com/philip-jacobs%20BRIC/ar-dact.htm#

Conidium of Arthrobotrys dactyloides

Arthrobotrys dactyloides

Arthrobotrys dactyloides DRECHSLER 1937
Form Genus: Arthrobotrys CORDA 1839 Form Subfamily: Hyalodidymae
Form Family: Moniliaceae
Form Order: Moniliales (Hyphomycetes)
Form Class: Deuteromycetes (Fungi imperfecti)
Division: Eumycota (System of anamorphs according to SACCARDO 1886)

Arthrobotrys dactyloides shows significantly slower and denser hyphal growth than most network-developing species like A. superba and A. oligospora. On the top of its upright, unbranched, 200-400 µm high Conidiophores it bears groups of 4-10 two-celled, elongated ellipsoid, slightly curved, 32-45 µm long and 6-10 µm broad conidia on about 5µm long sterigmata. The two cells of one conidium are of about the same size. Older cultures develop separate, yellow, spherical, up to 15 µm large chlamydospores

(DRECHSLER 1937; HAARD 1968).

Conidiophore of Arthrobotrys dactyloides

It is the only species of its genus besides Arthrobotrys anchonia that develops constricting rings, which have an outside diameter of 20-23 µm and whose three cells expand towards the centre and squeeze the prey when touched from the inner side (see Animation: Capture of a Meloidogyne larva by constriction of a ring trap below). The ring traps sit on two-celled, 7-14 µm long stalks.

Animation: Capture of a Meloidogyne larva (nematode) by constriction of a ring
trap of Arthrobotrys dactyloides